The 4B Movement: Wider Implications and Discourse
Via Pinterest; Unequal Marriage by Vasili Pukirev, 1862
Written By Samantha Melia
August 10th, 2024
Trigger Warning: This Article Discusses Sexual Assault
This article contains discussions of sexual assault, which may be distressing for some readers. Please consider your emotional well-being before proceeding.
The advancement of communicative technology and its human implications have irrefutably impacted the social zeitgeist. Since ‘Sex and the City’ there has been a culture war surrounding the natures of sex, dating, love, and marriage.
The integration of technology into these innately human experiences— via the porn industry, dating app culture, etc — may have social and emotional consequences far darker than the prospect of another night alone, drinking chardonnay and throwing your popcorn at Carrie Bradshaw.
The South Korean 4B Movement
The philosophy of a collective of women in South Korea advocating for a “Birth Strike”, known as the 4B movement, has spread like wildfire through platforms like TikTok and X to enter the culture war of love and convention.
The way to participate is simple— selective celibacy — but the far reaching implications of 4B philosophy, and the reasoning behind its inception can only be attributed to the new complexities of basic interaction in the internet era. The foundation of the movement was the public outcry of South Korean women in 2018, who organized in response to an epidemic of crimes of voyeurism. According to Heather Park’s reporting for the Harvard Law Review there were 8,600 known cases of voyeurism as early as that year.
A series of sex crimes wherein hidden spy cameras located in both public and private changing rooms, restrooms, etc, were used to record women changing, using the bathroom, and engaged in other private activities incentivized a series of protests critical of perceived government inaction. Much of the outrage lies in the lack of sentencing, with the statute pertaining to voyeurism having only recently increased the incarceration period of those convicted from five years to seven. The fine from the charge has also since increased from ₩10 million KRW won (7,268.63 $USD) to 30 million (21,805.89 $USD), according to International Law Firm Pureum Law in Jan. 2024.
Another point of contention for members of the 4B movement is the accessibility of digital spy cameras, known colloquially as “molka”, which is based off of the Korean word for the equipment.
Others argue that available resources for people seeking to exit a relationship where there is intimate partner violence in South Korea are inadequate. Similarly, many are wary of the physical toll and/or cost-efficiency of undergoing pregnancy, giving birth, and raising a child.
4B, which largely developed alongside #MeToo, took into consideration a growing societal concern with a declining birth rate. As of 2023, NYT reports that South Korea had rung in its third year as the nation with the lowest birthrate in the world. That summer, Newsweek quoted South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol declaring population concerns “a national emergency”.
In 2023, the South Korean government began offering stipends and slashing mortgage rates for prospective parents, reports Newsweek. According to the Asian News Network and the Korean Herald, those with children between the ages of one and two are offered a monthly salary of ₩350,000 won. These stimulus packages were provided in a wave of ₩300 billion won (218,056,650 $USD) dedicated to government initiatives meant to ease growing concerns about the cost of living for the frugal, fertile, and coupled up.
The four tenets of the “B” in 4B are as follows:
“Bihon,” meaning no heterosexual marriage, “Bichulsan,” meaning no childbirth.“Biyeonae,” meaning no dating men.“Bisekseu,” meaning no heterosexual sexual relationships.
Six years after the movement’s inception, the Korean government passed new legislation increasing sentence length and fines for spyware and voyeurism charges, along with a timely and massive mobilization of resources toward restoring an aging workforce and population.
Global Implications and Opinion
This could merely be correlative, or completely unrelated. If, however, causal–- then it speaks to a new frontier of social protest. “A Sex Strike” sounds like the basis of something icky, misogynistic, and disconcerting that Howard Stern would say.
And yet, women in the West have found themselves compelled by the growing privacy, security, and safety concerns surrounding women and children both online and in person. The common denominator in the majority of instances of violence against women and children, some Western 4B creators note, is men.
I interpret this perspective to mean the covenant of masculinity in its darkest form, as opposed to individually. Something that is, perhaps, a product of a world unable to coddle all its children. A world where little boys are told that “men don’t cry,” and where parents across the aisle of gender and continent alike did not grow up in circumstances that afforded them the luxury of expressing normal childhood feelings themselves. A world where both artists and lovers have always lamented a lack of empathy, justice, and security.
Whatever the root cause may be, I speak of a group archetype that can be familiarized to the American perspective by the cover-ups of rape and sexual assault by fraternities and their respective colleges and universities, the cohort of elites who sexually abused adolescents and schmoozed their ways around Epstein Island; and on the international scale, human trafficking rings that subsist off of women and children sold as cargo to be sexually abused.
Interpersonally, women who date men can never quite know for sure how their current fling speaks about women when none are in the room.
Would he believe you if one of his best “boys” made you uncomfortable in any way, or would he justify his buddy crossing your boundaries and make an excuse?
If you were assaulted one day and confided in him, could he interpret that as cheating, and turn on you?
When the “honeymoon” stage has faded, and you ease into a less lively routine, is he going to pressure you to be sexual when you’re just really not in the mood?
Have you heard how he speaks to his mom?
Yet, there is no “Good Man” code of honor obliged to all those born into that role, either. Not everyone who becomes a parent has a present partner, or can remain present themselves, and those who do may not know how to breach conversations with their children about boundaries, respect, and consent as they come of age.
I fear that the gaps created by avoiding these discussions will be filled in with the long-term psychological effects of porn overconsumption.
In this conversation, we are inevitably whittled down to the normative conceptions of the masculine and feminine essences that the majority of people live under, as exclusionary and limiting as it can be to identity-conscious discussions.
The insidiously pervasive “battle of the sexes” trope seems to be just waiting in the eaves to juxtapose the incels, — involuntary celibates, an online collection of young men and boys disheartened by their romantic and sexual prospects — with the 4B “selcels”.
The difference between the two internet-age philosophies is staggering.
4B began as a retaliatory movement to protest crimes against women, and the incels banded together on forums like Reddit independently because they felt hopelessly forgotten and undesirable. Many incels lament the hatred and resentment that they harbor for women who, in their experience, won’t give them the time of day.
Elliot Rodgers, one of the first examples of the incel in the internet age, channeled his discontent into the 2014 slaughter of six people in Isla Vista, California, which he filmed before taking his own life.
In all 137 pages of Rodgers' manifesto, through the countless videos posted to his Youtube account, his biggest grievance and primary cause for committing these murders was being a virgin at 22 years old.
Social violence from disaffected, antisocial young men is nothing new. Ted Kaczynski, Jeffrey Dahmer, Thomas Matthew Crooks. We’ve all heard this song and dance before. In recent years, this archetype has taken on a particularly lurid and sexually-fixative persona.
The role that female sexuality plays in the online marketplace, and in the formative social experiences that the involuntarily celibate have deprived themselves of, seems to translate into an incentive to commit direct acts of violence against the women that they have perceived to reject them. Instead of more vague acts of violence against the whole wretched world, such as anthrax envelopes in mailboxes, and bullets whizzing past politicians, more and more crimes are being committed against regular women and girls as revenge.
In my opinion, the most disturbing element of the Rodgers case, and many others committed by those deemed to be incels, is the psychological removal of “woman” from “person.”
Rodgers wasn’t considering the wholeness of his victims as people— on the contrary, and with respect to the victims and families— frankly, he saw all women as walking holes. Holes to which he had no access and, therefore, deserved to die.
For a young man who has trouble connecting with people, and likely interacting with any woman outside of his immediate family, how confusing it must be to come of age in a world where you can lock yourself away for fourteen hours straight to consume pornographic content on sketchy websites; websites unable to verify whether or not the videos in question contain evidence of abuse of a minor or sexual assault. (Nicholas Kristof, The Children of Pornhub, NYT 2020)
Constant exposure to women undergoing demeaning sexual treatment, and pretending that they like it for the camera, is an unrealistic pivot to the women of the real world, of varying ages, belief systems, opinions, and perspectives.
“These women– different, but also women– must not be so far removed from the ones I spend countless hours watching do sex acts, right?” Obviously *** not!
But children and adolescents can come to these uninformed conclusions on their own when they are online unsupervised, and don’t have the consent discussion after the “Birds and the Bees” talk.
Viewing sexually violent content at a young age surely can’t help either.
There is some resultant fundamental disconnect, with certain young men, between their own sexual needs and the harm caused by sexual violation. Every “come on, please” an uncomfortable person who does not want to have sex has to hear is a testament to this.
The proliferation of 4B speaks for itself. Until everyone can get on the same page about the “equal partnership” element of relationships, sexual boundaries, and consent, these apprehensions toward traditional union and relationship structure may very well continue into the future.
If the economy is out of our hands, those who wish to procreate should at least come to a mutual understanding that will allow them to become healthy parents; rich in emotional intelligence, even if materially poor.
Written by: Samantha Melia
About the Author:
Sam graduated from the University of Rhode Island in 2024 with dual degrees in Journalism and Political Science. She is still mulling over the financial feasibility of attending law school, but she hopes to gear her career toward advocacy writing about contemporary issues related to human rights and women’s issues. In her spare time, she moonlights as a bohemian poet. Special interests include philosophy, the Game of Thrones universe, and horror movies.
Recommended Reading
Sources
https://www.instagram.com/p/C-ECkjtt40O/?igsh=MnI1ZmRyOWQ3Mzhk
https://hulr.org/spring-2023/taztieymxrvayt5rwn38g67f18mryz
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/27/opinion/south-korea-fertility-rate-feminism.html
https://www.newsweek.com/south-korea-plans-benefits-boost-fertility-rate-1915656
https://asianews.network/south-koreas-2023-budget-includes-support-for-soldiers-young-parents/