We Can’t Erase Trans People from History
Written By: Maddison Bosch
March 1st, 2025
Via Getty Images
Donald Trump’s administration has been infamously transphobic. Back in January, Trump signed an executive order attempting to erase transgender and nonbinary people from legal existence. Now, we’re seeing federal actions to erase the very mention of trans individuals from a landmark of queer history: earlier in February, the National Park Service (NPS) removed every mention of the word “transgender” from its webpage for the Stonewall National Monument. Every “LGBTQ+” was edited to read “LGB.”
The Stonewall Uprising lasted nearly a week in 1969—a week of protests and rioting in response to the violent police raid of the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in Greenwich Village, New York City. It was the spark of the gay rights movement in the United States.
Trans people were integral to this movement. The Stonewall Inn was frequented by trans folks and drag queens, in addition to gay men and butch lesbians. During the raid itself, cops performed genital checks on trans and cross-dressing patrons; anyone wearing clothes that didn’t align with the sex they were assigned at birth faced brutality and arrest. By most accounts it was Stormé DeLarverie, a butch lesbian and drag king, who incited the riot itself, but trans individuals, especially transgender women of color like Marsha P. Johnson, Sylvia Rivera, Miss Major Griffin Gracy, and Zazu Nova, were on the front lines, wielding Molotov cocktails and bricks.
Stonewall was a cornerstone of the gay rights movement, and trans activists played a key role in the uprising and the subsequent protests. Within weeks of the Stonewall Uprising, Sylvia Rivera had co-founded the Gay Liberation Front; within a year, she and Marsha P. Johnson had co-founded STAR (Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries) to help homeless transgender youth. Miss Major Griffin Gracy, now 84 years old, has been fighting for queer rights and Black liberation for 50 years.
To erase trans people from Stonewall would be to erase the accomplishments of trans activists who dedicated their lives to the queer rights movement. There would be no LGB rights without the T.
Trans People Have Always Been Here
We can’t erase trans people from history, including global history. Donald Trump may claim that transgender identities were “invented by the radical left,” but trans people have always existed—on every continent, in every time period throughout history. Consider, for example, the world’s first transgender clinic: The Institute for Sexual Research in Berlin, which was founded by a gay Jewish doctor, Magnus Hirschfeld, in 1919 and was performing gender affirming surgeries as early as 1930. Although he didn’t use the terms we use today, Hirschfeld was supportive of transgender, intersex, nonbinary, and gender fluid identities.
Via Scientific American
Notably, the erasure of trans history can be directly linked to Nazi ideology. Nazis raided Hirschfeld’s institute in 1933, burning his collection of books on sexual research and transgender history in one of the first and biggest Nazi book burnings.
So let’s talk trans history. Dr. James Barry, the first surgeon to successfully perform a c-section in which both mother and child survived, was a transgender man who lived in Victorian England. He identified himself as a man even in his private journals and didn’t want anyone to look too closely at his body following his death; his wishes were ignored and he was outed postmortem. Marinos the Monk was a
member of the clergy in the Middle Ages who was assigned female at birth but lived his life as a man; under early medieval Christianity, gender non-conforming individuals were seen as an expression of God’s plan rather than a deviation from it, and there are queer Christians today who identify Marinos as a transgender saint. Elagabalus, an ancient Roman emperor, is identified by some historians as a transgender woman; she wore wigs and makeup, preferred the terms “lady” and “wife” over “lord” and “husband,” and, according to the University of Birmingham, “offered vast sums of money to any physician who could give [her] a vagina.” Two-spirit Native American identities—although “two-spirit” itself is a relatively new term, coined in the 90s—are anti-colonial, queer, nonbinary identities that date back centuries in many North American indigenous tribes. In ancient Mesopotamia, priests and priestesses of the goddess Ishtar (or Inanna) were often transgender or identified as the “third gender” created by the god Enki—a nonbinary identity Mesopotamians considered sacred.
And these are only a few examples, only a handful of the transgender identities that have existed and transgender individuals who have lived meaningful lives throughout global history—they are not, by any means, the only ones. Trans people have literally always been here, leading countries and fighting for our rights, making significant scientific advancements and serving the church. The word “transgender” may not have been used until the 70s (according to Merriam-Webster), but trans identities are nothing new. Ancient Mesopotamia was the first civilization on Earth, which means trans and nonbinary identities are as old as civilization itself.
Trans people have always existed. This is a truth that we cannot and should not erase from our history, or from our national monuments. As the Stonewall Inn expressed in a recent statement regarding the NPS webpage, “This decision to erase the word 'transgender' is a deliberate attempt to erase our history and marginalize the very people who paved the way for many victories we have achieved as a community.”
Trans women fought for us at Stonewall; trans people are the reason we have the queer rights we have today. And, as the protesters who have gathered outside the Stonewall Inn have made clear, an attack on one portion of the LGBTQ+ community is an attack on all of us. As current co-owner of the Stonewall Inn Stacy Lentz has stated, “We're not going to be silent.”
Written by: Maddison Bosch
Transphobia, Transgender Historical Figures, Stonewall Uprising
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Additional Reading
Sources
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/transgender#word-history
https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/transgender-non-binary-history-1.7445447
https://www.npr.org/2025/02/14/g-s1-48923/stonewall-monument-transgender-park-service
https://www.them.us/story/national-park-service-webpage-stonewall-transgender-edited-deleted-acronym
https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/stonewall-national-monument-protest-trans-queer-references-removed/
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/6-ways-trumps-executive-orders-are-targeting-transgender-people
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender_history
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https://www.them.us/story/transvisionaries-miss-major
https://www.history.com/topics/lgbtq/the-stonewall-riots
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-forgotten-history-of-the-worlds-first-trans-clinic/
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https://www.naacpldf.org/pride-history-police-violence/
https://www.thecollector.com/ishtar-goddess-of-love-mesopotamia/
https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2023/11/21/uk-museum-reclassifies-roman-emperor-as-transgender
https://www.nypl.org/events/exhibitions/galleries/fortitude/item/14828
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm%C3%A9_DeLarverie
https://thestonewallinnnyc.com/the-stonewall-inn-story/2017/4/4/ntmsg5ni7iixxdjimmg16hz6dvsi4v
https://www.sciencehistory.org/stories/magazine/how-history-keeps-ignoring-james-barry/
https://glaad.org/fact-sheet-trump-transgender/
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